NVIDIA hits 100% renewable electricity as its Scope 3 emissions double to 6.9 Mt

NVIDIA raised renewable electricity for offices and data centres under its operational control from 76% to 100% in fiscal 2025 (ending January 2025), using on-site renewables, utility tariffs, certificates and power-purchase agreements, with limited assurance on the figure. Total energy use was 821,200 MWh. Reported Scope 2 fell from 40,555 tonnes to zero; Scope 1 rose slightly to 12,952 tonnes.

The story is in Scope 3. Emissions from purchased goods and services — chip and system manufacturing at TSMC and partners — drove the category from 3.5 million to 6.9 million tonnes CO₂e in a year. NVIDIA has an SBTi-validated target to halve absolute Scope 1 and 2 by FY2030 and a target to cut the use-phase emissions intensity of sold GPUs by 75% per PFLOP, but no absolute target for Scope 3.

NVIDIA also publishes product carbon footprints: about 1,312 kg CO₂e for an eight-GPU H100 baseboard, or roughly 164 kg per GPU, with memory accounting for 42% of the embodied footprint. In 2023 Alex de Vries projected that NVIDIA servers shipped by 2027 would consume 85–134 TWh a year — the entire electricity demand of a country the size of the Netherlands or Sweden.